The operation of special equipment in winter conditions requires a special approach. Low temperatures affect not only engine starting but also the operation of all key components: hydraulics, transmission, and undercarriage. Without proper preparation, the risks of breakdowns and wear increase manifold.

In this article, we will analyze how cold affects machine mechanics, what needs to be considered when operating in the winter period, and which elements suffer first.

Main risks when operating special equipment in frost

Cold weather has a complex effect on equipment. Here are the key factors affecting operational reliability:

1. Thickening of oils and fluids

  • At sub-zero temperatures, engine, transmission, and hydraulic oil thickens.
  • This makes starting the engine difficult, reduces lubrication efficiency, and increases the load on pumps.

2. Brittleness of metals and rubber

  • Low temperatures make metals less ductile, which increases the risk of component cracking under load.
  • Rubber elements (seals, gaskets, hoses) lose elasticity and become susceptible to cracking.

3. Problems with the fuel system

  • Diesel fuel can wax (thicken), especially if the winter type is not used.
  • Clogging of fuel filters and lines is possible.

4. Difficult battery operation

  • Battery capacity decreases in the cold.
  • With an old battery, the equipment may not start at all without pre-heating.

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Special attention — hydraulic system and moving joints

The hydraulic system is one of the most cold-sensitive components. Thickened oil creates excessive pressure on hoses, seals, and pumps. Furthermore:

  • cylinders react slower;
  • fuel consumption increases due to resistance;
  • wear of the entire system increases.

The same risks apply to bearings, joints, and linkages. Without quality lubrication, they start operating “dry,” which accelerates wear.

How to prepare special equipment for work in frost

To minimize the risks of breakdowns, a comprehensive preparation should be carried out in advance:

  • Replace fluids with winter counterparts. Including engine oil, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze, and fuel.
  • Check batteries. Ensure they are charged and functioning, preferably having a jump starter device.
  • Service the undercarriage. Check tracks, bushings, and tensioners, especially if the equipment is tracked.
  • Check seals and hoses. Replace elements that have lost elasticity.
  • Warm up the machine before full load. This is especially important for the design of a tracked excavator, where a large number of components are movable and loaded from the first minutes of operation.

Which types of special equipment suffer the most

At particular risk are:

  • tracked equipment — due to the complex undercarriage and tensioning system;
  • excavators and loaders with sensitive hydraulics;
  • machines with a telescopic boom — due to the extension mechanisms;
  • equipment with an open cab — due to freezing of levers and displays.

Working in frost is a serious test for any special equipment. Even a reliable machine can break down if improperly operated. To avoid costly repairs, it is important to timely conduct diagnostics and adapt the equipment to winter conditions. At TAD Group, we help select and prepare used equipment for any operating conditions — including work in sub-zero temperatures. Contact us — we will advise on what to look for when choosing equipment for winter.