Proper weight distribution in an excavator is a key factor that affects its stability, cross-country ability, service life of components and safety of operation. In this article, we will look at how a crawler excavator is designed and how it differs from wheeled models in terms of weight distribution.

Why Mass Distribution Is Important

An excavator constantly changes its center of gravity during operation, depending on the boom position, bucket filling, and terrain. If the mass is not distributed correctly, this can lead to:

  • overturning of the machine on a slope;
  • premature wear of the chassis;
  • increased ground pressure and subsidence;
  • reducing the efficiency of digging and moving.

Therefore, manufacturers strive to balance the weight of the equipment, distributing the load between the front and rear, as well as between the left and right sides.

How is weight distributed in tracked models

In crawler excavators, the bulk of the weight is in the lower frame and tracks. The center of gravity is usually located closer to the middle of the base, which ensures high stability even when working with heavy attachments. The boom, bucket and counterweight are positioned to balance each other.

Besides:

  • the track base evenly distributes the load over the surface;
  • low ground clearance and wide platform provide stability;
  • long base (distance between tracks) reduces the risk of tipping over.

This is why tracked equipment is used on loose, marshy or unstable soils – it does not fall through and maintains control when digging to depth.

Weight distribution in wheeled vehicles

Wheeled excavators have a higher center of gravity and the mass is concentrated closer to the rear. This is due to the fact that:

  • the rear part contains a counterweight;
  • the front one is controllable and movable, which requires less load;
  • the total weight is lower than that of tracked analogues.

The problem is that if loaded incorrectly (for example, with a raised bucket), the wheeled excavator can lose stability. On a hard surface, this is not critical, but on a slope or loose soil, it is dangerous. Therefore, experienced operators try to keep the bucket as close to the ground as possible and avoid sudden movements.

How does the distribution change when turning and tilting

When working on slopes or with the platform turning, the center of gravity shifts. Tracked models have a lower risk of tipping due to their wide base. Wheeled excavators require special care, especially when turning with a raised load – at this point the load on one side can increase sharply.

Also important are:

  • arrow length (the longer it is, the stronger the lever);
  • type of attachment;
  • position of the turntable.

Engineers take all these parameters into account when designing, but only proper control and the right type of chassis provide real stability.

Bottom line: tracks for stability, wheels for mobility

In conditions where stability and operation on difficult terrain are important, the choice is obvious in favor of tracked vehicles. If maneuverability and speed on hard surfaces are a priority, a wheeled model will do. The main thing is to consider the real conditions in which the equipment will be used, and not focus only on nominal characteristics.

At TAD Group, we help you choose the equipment that best suits your needs. Our specialists take into account not only the parameters from the technical data sheets, but also the mechanics of the load, the terrain of the object and the specifics of the work. If you are choosing special equipment, we will tell you which type of chassis will ensure maximum efficiency and safety at your sites.